IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH LUMINAL B BREAST CANCER: PATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61229/mpj.v2i2.53

Palabras clave:

Câncer de mama; Imuno-histoquímica; Luminal B; Subtipos moleculares; Mutações genéticas.

Resumen

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading malignancies among women, exhibiting significant molecular and histological heterogeneity. The Luminal B subtype is a hormone-dependent neoplasia characterized by high cellular proliferation, greater aggressiveness, and a higher likelihood of metastasis, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Identifying of an immunohistochemical profile and analyzing genetic mutations have proven essential for personalizing treatment and improving prognosis2,4,5. This study aims to characterize the immunohistochemical profile of patients with Luminal B Breast Cancer (LBBC) and explore its relationship with mutations in genes such as AKT, PIK3CA, BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53, which are associated with the risk of disease progression and treatment resistance. The data used in this study were collected from patients at the Mário Penna Research Institute, using samples from the Tumor Biobank. Objectives: The main aim is to analyze the immunohistochemical profile in patients with LBBC, identifying specific markers related to prognosis and therapeutic decisions. The study also aims to investigate the relationship between these immunohistochemical characteristics and clinicopathological data, focusing on molecular subtypes, histological grades, and staging. Design and Methods: This study is based on clinicopathological data from 18 patients diagnosed with LBBC, sourced from the Tumor Biobank of the Mário Penna Research Institute (CAAE - 82703418.8.0000.5121). Immunohistochemical analysis will include FOXP3, PDL-1, PDL-2, CD3, CD4, CD8, Ki-67, HER2, Estrogen (ER), and Progesterone (PR) markers1,3. In addition, the following parameters will be evaluated: age, staging, histopathological grade, treatments administered (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, surgery, hormone therapy), and the presence of metastasis. Results The average age of the patients was 51 years (ranging from 33 to 77 years). Regarding staging, 56% presented tumors in the early stages (IA and IIA), while 44% were diagnosed at advanced stages (IIIA, IIIB, and III). The predominant histopathological grade was G1 (72%), followed by G2 (17%) and G3 (5.5%). The most common treatment was neoadjuvant therapy (50%), while 39% received adjuvant therapy. Metastasis was observed in 44% of the cases. Immunohistochemical analysis will help identify key protein expression patterns that may influence tumor behavior and therapeutic response. Conclusions/Final Considerations: This study will contribute to understanding the immunohistochemical and genetic profile of LBBC, providing crucial data for developing prognostic biomarkers. It is expected that immunohistochemical analyses, together with clinical data, will offer a solid foundation for developing personalized therapeutic strategies, helping to optimize treatment for patients with this subtype of BC. The use of Tumor Biobank data emphasizes the importance of translational research in oncology, allowing scientific advancements to be applied in clinical practice.

 

Keywords: Breast cancer; Immunohistochemical; Luminal B; Molecular subtypes; Genetic mutations.

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Biografía del autor/a

Maria Vitória Costa Felipe, Faculdade de Minas, FAMINAS/ Instituo Mário Penna, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação

Biomedical Science Student - FAMINAS BH (Expected Graduation: December 2025)

I am currently a student of the Biomedical Science program at FAMINAS BH, with an expected graduation in December 2025. Throughout my academic journey, I have participated in extension projects focused on laboratory automation and the use of innovative technologies to optimize processes in laboratory routine analysis. These initiatives have led to the enhancement of laboratory practices, aiming to increase the efficiency and quality of results. I am also a member of a research group investigating pre-analytical interferences in laboratory routines within primary healthcare in Santa Luzia. This project aims to promote scientific advancements that can improve the reliability and accuracy of laboratory tests, which are crucial for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. Currently, I am conducting a scientific initiation project at the Instituto Mario Penna, focusing on immunohistochemical analysis of luminal B breast cancer. This study seeks to better understand the biological mechanisms related to this subtype of cancer, with the goal of contributing to the identification of more effective and personalized therapies. I was awarded the Best Academic Paper at the COPEX 2024 Congress, held by FAMINAS-BH, for the quality of my research, reflecting the technical and scientific development I have acquired throughout my education.

Arthur Schenider Oliveira Felipe, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/ Instituo Mário Penna, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação

Master's student in Genetics at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. He participated in the Algae and Cyanobacteria Laboratory, working with the use of algae and cyanobacteria in the recovery of degraded areas. He also worked at the Animal and Human Genetics Laboratory (LGAH) at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, exploring genetic factors related to alcohol use, as well as its relationship with the microbiota and the gut-brain axis. Currently, he is part of the Teaching and Research Center of the Mario Penna Institute (NEPI), where he develops a project in oncology, seeking genetic biomarkers for prognosis in Ovarian Cancer and Breast Cancer. He has experience in Molecular Biology, with RT-qPCR, Next-Generation Sequencing, and cell-free DNA extraction.

Ramon de Alencar Pereira, Instituo Mário Penna, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação

Biologist, undergraduate in Systems Analysis and Development. MBA in Data Science Analytics from USP, Master's and PhD in Pathology from the Graduate Program in Pathology at UFMG, where he conducted research related to immunopathology and drug testing. He has experience as a scientific technical support and was a faculty member in the Medicine course at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais. Currently, he is a Postdoctoral fellow in the Graduate Program in Biotechnology at UFU, where he is conducting a study on the application of artificial intelligence tools to identify predictive and prognostic immunohistochemical biomarkers for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Additionally, he is a scientific researcher at the Translational Research Laboratory of the Teaching, Research, and Innovation Center (NEPI) at the Mario Penna Institute, where he conducts research focused on identifying predictive and prognostic markers for breast, ovarian, cervical cancer, and central nervous system tumors as a strategy for personalized medicine.

Diogo Diogo Gomes da Costa, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/ Instituo Mário Penna, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação

Graduated in Biological Sciences - Teaching Degree from the State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG). He completed an internship at the Tissue Processing Laboratory (LAPROTEC) at the Federal University of São João Del Rei (UFSJ) from 2018 to 2021. He served as the Director of Teaching, Research, and Extension at the Biological Sciences Academic Center of UEMG - Divinópolis campus. He holds a Master's degree in Genetics from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), in partnership with the Mario Penna Institute. He is currently pursuing a PhD in Genetics at UFMG, also in collaboration with the Mario Penna Institute. He has experience in oncogenetic research, with an emphasis on miRNAs.

Jorge Jorge Gomes Goulart Ferreira, Instituo Mário Penna, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação, Faculdade de Minas, FAMINAS

Biomedical scientist with a Master's and PhD in Health Sciences - Cellular and Molecular Biology from the René Rachou Research Center/Fiocruz. He completed a postdoctoral residency in the Graduate Program in Genetics at the Institute of Biological Sciences at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). He holds specializations in Biotechnology and in Teaching in Higher Education. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the Teaching, Research, and Innovation Institute (IEPI) at the Mario Penna Institute, where he works on translational oncology research and is responsible for the molecular biology and flow cytometry platforms. He is also the substitute technical supervisor at Loci Genética Laboratorial and a professor at the Faculty of Minas (FAMINAS BH). He has extensive experience in molecular biology, immunology, virology, laboratory genetics, and teaching. He is a member of the Minas Gerais Network for Translational Oncology Research (RMPTO).

Fábio Ribeiro Queiroz, Instituo Mário Penna, Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação

Biologist, with a Master's and PhD in Health Sciences from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - IRR/MG. He is currently a researcher at the Translational Oncology Research Laboratory at the Mario Penna Institute - Teaching, Research, and Innovation Center (NEPI). He is responsible for the Sequencing and Bioinformatics Platforms. He works on the analysis of small RNA sequencing data, gene expression, exome, and genetic panels. He has experience in bioinformatics, genetics, molecular biology, cell culture, flow cytometry, and molecular parasitology. Additionally, he has over fifteen years of experience as a faculty member in the state education system. He was the vice-director at the Dom Cabral State School and is currently a professor at this same institution. He is also a professor in the postgraduate course in Bioinformatics Applied to Health at IEC-PUC Minas.

Citas

PubMed. BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT1 genes mutations. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35731312/.

SILVA, M. C.; FERREIRA, A. P.; SANTOS, R. M. Perfil imunohistoquímico do câncer de mama de pacientes atendidas no Hospital do Câncer de Cascavel. Revista Brasileira de Oncologia Clínica, v. 15, n. 4, p. 23-30, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.sboc.org.br/app/webroot/Site_RBOC_OFICIAL/pdf_edicao_29/artigo2.pdf.

PMC. TP53 and/or BRCA1 Mutations Based on CtDNA Analysis as Prognostic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10969106/.

COSTA, R. A.; PEREIRA, L. M.; GOMES, T. B. Imuno-histoquímica no diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Jornal Médico de Biologia Molecular, v. 10, n. 2, p. 98-105, 2021. Disponível em: https://bio10publicacao.com.br/jormed/article/download/433/232.

MARTINS, P. C. et al. Classificação molecular dos carcinomas de mama. Revista Brasileira de Patologia Mamária, v. 20, n. 3, p. 112-120, 2021. Disponível em: https://fi-admin.bvsalud.org/document/view/2dhjn.

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Publicado

2025-10-23

Cómo citar

Costa Felipe, M. V., Schenider Oliveira Felipe, A., de Alencar Pereira, R., Diogo Gomes da Costa, D., Jorge Gomes Goulart Ferreira, J., & Ribeiro Queiroz, F. (2025). IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH LUMINAL B BREAST CANCER: PATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. Mário Penna Journal, 2(2), 88–91. https://doi.org/10.61229/mpj.v2i2.53

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Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2024): Mário Penna Journal

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